strsplit Function in R (3 Examples) | How to Split a Character String

In this tutorial you’ll learn how to split character strings using the strsplit() function in the R programming language.

Table of contents:

Let’s just jump right in…

Definition & Basic R Syntax of strsplit Function

Definition: The strsplit R function splits the elements of a character string.

Basic R Syntax: Please find the basic R programming syntax of the strsplit function below.

strsplit(any_string, split_pattern)          # Basic R syntax of strsplit function

In the following, I’ll show three examples for the application of the strsplit function in R programming.

Creation of Exemplifying Data

As a first step, we have to construct some data that we can use in the following examples:

my_string <- "aaa bbb ccc dxxexxfxxg"        # Create example character string
my_string                                    # Print character string
# "aaa bbb ccc dxxexxfxxg"

Have a look at the previous output of the RStudio console. It shows that our example data is a character string containing a sequence of letters and blanks.

Example 1: Splitting Character String with strsplit() Function in R

The following syntax explains how to separate our character string at each blank position. For this, we have to specify the split argument to be equal to ” “.

strsplit(my_string, split = " ")             # Apply strsplit function
# [1]]
# [1] "aaa"        "bbb"        "ccc"        "dxxexxfxxg"

The previous RStudio console output shows the result of the strsplit function: A list object that contains one list element. This list element contains a vector with four vector elements. Each of these vector elements contains a character pattern extracted from our example vector.

Example 2: Using Character Pattern to Split a Character String

This Section shows how to use different character patterns to split a character string in R by specifying the split argument of the strsplit function. In this example, I’m using the character pattern “xx” to split our character string:

strsplit(my_string, split = "xx")            # Specify splitting pattern
# [[1]]
# [1] "aaa bbb ccc d" "e"             "f"             "g"

Again, a list was returned. However, this time our character string was split at different points.

Example 3: Converting Output of strsplit Function to Vector Object

The following code illustrates how to convert the list output provided by the strsplit function to a vector. For this, we are using the strsplit function in combination with the unlist function:

unlist(strsplit(my_string, split = "xx"))    # Convert strsplit output to vector
# "aaa bbb ccc d" "e"             "f"             "g"

As you can see, the RStudio console returned a vector object instead of a list.

Video, Further Resources & Summary

Have a look at the following video of my YouTube channel. I show the R programming code of this article in the video.

Furthermore, you might have a look at some of the other articles on my website.

• Find Position of Character in String
• Split Data Frame Variable into Multiple Columns
• Replace Last Comma in Character with &-Sign
• R unlist Function
• Replace Specific Characters in String
• R Functions List (+ Examples)
• The R Programming Language

To summarize: In this R tutorial you learned how to apply the strsplit() function. In case you have further questions, let me know in the comments section. Furthermore, don’t forget to subscribe to my email newsletter in order to get updates on new posts.