Convert Date to Day of Week in R (3 Examples) | How to Find the Weekday

In this article, I’ll explain how to find the weekday of a date in R. The tutorial is structured as follows

So without further ado, let’s dive into the examples…

Create Example Data

Before we can start with the examples, we have to create some example data that contains a date variable:

data <- data.frame(date = as.Date(c("2022-02-11",     # Create example data
                                    "2010-12-01",
                                    "1955-02-08",
                                    "2005-01-01")))
data                                                  # Print example data to console

Data Frame in R with Dates

Table 1: Example Data Frame with Dates.

As you can see based on Table 1, our example data frame consists of a column with dates. Note that these dates were converted to date objects with the as.Date function.

Now let’s move on to the examples, where we will find the weekdays that correspond to our dates…

Example 1: Convert Date to Weekday in R (weekdays Function)

In the first example, we are converting our dates to weekdays with the weekdays function. The function is explicitly designed to find the corresponding day of the week for a date object in R:

data1 <- data                                         # Replicate data for Example 1
data1$weekday <- weekdays(data1$date)                 # Convert dates to weekdays
data1                                                 # Print converted data to console

Data Frame in R with Dates and Weekdays

Table 2: Example Data Frame with Dates & Weekdays.

As you can see in Table 2, we have just added a second variable to our data frame which contains the weekday for each of our dates.

Note: We were able to find the weekdays of dates in the past as well as of dates in the future (as in row 1).

The weekdays function is quite simple and easy to use. However, there are many other ways of how to find weekdays and depending on your specific situation one of the following approaches might be better. So keep on reading…

Example 2: Convert Date to Weekday in R (strftime Function)

In the second example, we are using the strftime function:

data2 <- data                                         # Replicate data for Example 2
data2$day <- strftime(data2$date, "%A")
data2                                                 # Print converted data to console
#       date   weekday
# 2022-02-11    Friday
# 2010-12-01 Wednesday
# 1955-02-08   Tuesday
# 2005-01-01  Saturday

The output is exactly the same as in Example 1.

Looks good, so let’s move on to the next example…

Example 3: Convert Date to Weekday in R (as.POSIXlt Function)

In this example we are going to apply the as.POSIXlt command in order to find the corresponding days of the week:

data3 <- data                                         # Replicate data for Example 3
data3$weekday <- c("Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday",     # Convert dates to weekdays
                   "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday",
                   "Saturday")[as.POSIXlt(data3$date)$wday + 1]
data3                                                 # Print converted data to console
#       date   weekday
# 2022-02-11    Friday
# 2010-12-01 Wednesday
# 1955-02-08   Tuesday
# 2005-01-01  Saturday

Again the same output. However, there is a big advantage of this approach: You can assign a name for each day of the week manually. For instance, this has advantages when your R or RStudio are set to a different language than English. In this case the approaches of Example 1 & 2 will assign the weekdays in a different language. With the approach of Example 3, you can assign any character string you want.

Video & Further Resources

For more detailed information concerning the code of this article, please check out the below video on the Statistics Globe YouTube channel:

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Handling dates in R is a difficult topic. For that reason I have listed some further resources about the handling of date objects in the following.

If you want to learn more about date objects in R, I can recommend the following YouTube video of Vincent King:

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Also, you might have a look at the following R tutorials of statisticsglobe.com:

I hope you found everything you were looking for in this tutorial. Let me know in the comments if you have any further questions. Of course, general feedback is also very welcome!

18 Comments. Leave new

JJA
July 23, 2020 2:13 pm

didn’t work

Reply
- Joachim
  July 23, 2020 3:23 pm
  
  Could you tell me some more details? 😉
  
  Reply
Ravi
June 20, 2021 7:30 am

For 1st 2 options: :
Warning in install.packages :
package ‘weekdays’ is not available for this version of R

A version of this package for your version of R might be available elsewhere,
see the ideas at
https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-patched/R-admin.html#Installing-packages

Warning in install.packages :
package ‘strftime’ is not available for this version of R

A version of this package for your version of R might be available elsewhere,
see the ideas at
https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-patched/R-admin.html#Installing-packages

And for POSIXlt – Unable to locate from install or repository also

Reply
- Joachim
  June 21, 2021 7:09 am
  
  Hey Ravi,
  
  Which version of R are you using? In case it is an older version, I recommend updating it as explained here: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/3-methods-update-r-rstudio-windows-mac-woratana-ngarmtrakulchol/
  
  Regards
  
  Joachim
  
  Reply
Ana do Amaral
August 16, 2022 8:56 am

Hello Joachim, I am sorry for bother you.
I am trying the third example you gave above since the code returns the weekdays in spanish and is not working.
I’ve got the follow error:

Error in `$<-.data.frame`(`*tmp*`, weekday, value = c("Tuesday", "Wednesday", :
replacement has 355 rows, data has 410

Could you please help me?
Thanks in advance

Reply
- Joachim
  August 16, 2022 10:29 am
  
  Hey Ana,
  
  Could you please share your code and illustrate the structure of your data in some more detail? How are your dates formatted?
  
  Regards,
  Joachim
  
  Reply
Ana do Amaral
August 16, 2022 10:54 am

“`{r}
weekday_steps_sleep <- daily_activity_sleep
weekday_steps_sleep$weekday <- weekdays(weekday_steps_sleep$date)
“`

'data.frame': 410 obs. of 19 variables:
$ id : num 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 …
$ date : Date, format: "2016-04-12" "2016-04-13" …
$ totalsteps : num 13162 10735 9762 12669 9705 …
$ totaldistance : num 8.5 6.97 6.28 8.16 6.48 …
$ trackerdistance : num 8.5 6.97 6.28 8.16 6.48 …
$ loggedactivitiesdistance: num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 …
$ veryactivedistance : num 1.88 1.57 2.14 2.71 3.19 …
$ moderatelyactivedistance: num 0.55 0.69 1.26 0.41 0.78 …
$ lightactivedistance : num 6.06 4.71 2.83 5.04 2.51 …
$ sedentaryactivedistance : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 …
$ veryactiveminutes : num 25 21 29 36 38 50 28 19 41 39 …
$ fairlyactiveminutes : num 13 19 34 10 20 31 12 8 21 5 …
$ lightlyactiveminutes : num 328 217 209 221 164 264 205 211 262 238 …
$ sedentaryminutes : num 728 776 726 773 539 775 818 838 732 709 …
$ calories : num 1985 1797 1745 1863 1728 …
$ totalsleeprecords : num 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 …
$ totalminutesasleep : num 327 384 412 340 700 304 360 325 361 430 …
$ totaltimeinbed : num 346 407 442 367 712 320 377 364 384 449 …
$ weekday : chr "martes" "miércoles" "viernes" "sábado" …

“`{r}
daily_activity_sleep <- daily_activity_sleep
daily_activity_sleep1$weekday <- c("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday")[as.POSIXlt(daily_activity_sleep$date)$wday]
“`

Error in `$<-.data.frame`(`*tmp*`, weekday, value = c("Tuesday", "Wednesday", :
replacement has 355 rows, data has 410

#Let me know if you need any more details.
Thank you very much

Reply
- Joachim
  August 17, 2022 6:58 am
  
  Thanks for the further information Ana.
  
  Do the data frames daily_activity_sleep1 and daily_activity_sleep contain the same number of rows? Why are you not using the same data frame in your last line of code?
  
  Regards,
  Joachim
  
  Reply
Ana do Amaral
August 17, 2022 7:18 am

Hello Joachim, “daily_activity_sleep1” has typing error. The correct is “daily_activity_sleep”.
And yes, they have the same number of rows.

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Registered S3 methods overwritten by ‘dbplyr’:
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── Attaching packages ───────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.2 ──✔ ggplot2 3.3.6 ✔ purrr 0.3.4
✔ tibble 3.1.7 ✔ dplyr 1.0.9
✔ tidyr 1.2.0 ✔ stringr 1.4.0
✔ readr 2.1.2 ✔ forcats 0.5.1── Conflicts ──────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
Attaching package: ‘lubridate’

The following objects are masked from ‘package:base’:

date, intersect, setdiff, union

here() starts at /Users/anadoamaral
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Attaching package: ‘clock’

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A tibble:22,099 × 4
Id

date

time

StepTotal

1503960366 04/12/2016 12:00:00 AM 373
1503960366 04/12/2016 01:00:00 AM 160
1503960366 04/12/2016 02:00:00 AM 151
1503960366 04/12/2016 03:00:00 AM 0
1503960366 04/12/2016 04:00:00 AM 0
1503960366 04/12/2016 05:00:00 AM 0
1503960366 04/12/2016 06:00:00 AM 0
1503960366 04/12/2016 07:00:00 AM 0
1503960366 04/12/2016 08:00:00 AM 250
1503960366 04/12/2016 09:00:00 AM 1864
…
1-10 of 22,099 rows
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A tibble:6 × 4
Id

date

time

StepTotal

1503960366 04/12/2016 12:00:00 AM 373
1503960366 04/12/2016 01:00:00 AM 160
1503960366 04/12/2016 02:00:00 AM 151
1503960366 04/12/2016 03:00:00 AM 0
1503960366 04/12/2016 04:00:00 AM 0
1503960366 04/12/2016 05:00:00 AM 0
6 rows
Show in New Window
‘data.frame’: 410 obs. of 18 variables:
$ id : num 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 …
$ date : Date, format: “2016-04-12” “2016-04-13” …
$ totalsteps : num 13162 10735 9762 12669 9705 …
$ totaldistance : num 8.5 6.97 6.28 8.16 6.48 …
$ trackerdistance : num 8.5 6.97 6.28 8.16 6.48 …
$ loggedactivitiesdistance: num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 …
$ veryactivedistance : num 1.88 1.57 2.14 2.71 3.19 …
$ moderatelyactivedistance: num 0.55 0.69 1.26 0.41 0.78 …
$ lightactivedistance : num 6.06 4.71 2.83 5.04 2.51 …
$ sedentaryactivedistance : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 …
$ veryactiveminutes : num 25 21 29 36 38 50 28 19 41 39 …
$ fairlyactiveminutes : num 13 19 34 10 20 31 12 8 21 5 …
$ lightlyactiveminutes : num 328 217 209 221 164 264 205 211 262 238 …
$ sedentaryminutes : num 728 776 726 773 539 775 818 838 732 709 …
$ calories : num 1985 1797 1745 1863 1728 …
$ totalsleeprecords : num 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 …
$ totalminutesasleep : num 327 384 412 340 700 304 360 325 361 430 …
$ totaltimeinbed : num 346 407 442 367 712 320 377 364 384 449 …

Thanks once again.

Reply
- Joachim
  August 17, 2022 7:44 am
  What is returned when you run the following line of code:
  head(daily_activity_sleep)
  head(daily_activity_sleep)
  Regards,
  Joachim
  Reply

Ana do Amaral

August 17, 2022 7:51 am

Description:df [6 × 18]

date

totalsteps

totaldistance

trackerdistance

1 1503960366 2016-04-12 13162 8.50 8.50
2 1503960366 2016-04-13 10735 6.97 6.97
3 1503960366 2016-04-15 9762 6.28 6.28
4 1503960366 2016-04-16 12669 8.16 8.16
5 1503960366 2016-04-17 9705 6.48 6.48
6 1503960366 2016-04-19 15506 9.88 9.88

Joachim

August 18, 2022 8:14 am

Thank you once again for the clarifications Ana! I have noticed that the as.POSIXlt function returns Sunday as the value 0 instead of 7, and for that reason, the code of Example 3 didn’t work properly in your situation.

I’m very sorry for this. I don’t know whether the output of the as.POSIXlt function has changed over time (the tutorial is quite old), or if I’ve made a mistake when I created the tutorial.

However, the example code below should work for your data:

# Create example data
 
data <- data.frame(id = 1503960366,
                   date = c("2016-04-12",
                            "2016-04-13",
                            "2016-04-15",
                            "2016-04-16",
                            "2016-04-17",
                            "2016-04-19"),
                   x1 = 1:6,
                   x2 = 11:16,
                   x3 = 101:106)
data
#           id       date x1 x2  x3
# 1 1503960366 2016-04-12  1 11 101
# 2 1503960366 2016-04-13  2 12 102
# 3 1503960366 2016-04-15  3 13 103
# 4 1503960366 2016-04-16  4 14 104
# 5 1503960366 2016-04-17  5 15 105
# 6 1503960366 2016-04-19  6 16 106
 
# Applying code of example 3
 
data_new <- data
data_new$weekday <- c("Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday",
                      "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday",
                      "Saturday")[as.POSIXlt(data_new$date)$wday + 1]
data_new
#           id       date x1 x2  x3   weekday
# 1 1503960366 2016-04-12  1 11 101   Tuesday
# 2 1503960366 2016-04-13  2 12 102 Wednesday
# 3 1503960366 2016-04-15  3 13 103    Friday
# 4 1503960366 2016-04-16  4 14 104  Saturday
# 5 1503960366 2016-04-17  5 15 105    Sunday
# 6 1503960366 2016-04-19  6 16 106   Tuesday

I hope that helps!

Joachim

Ana do Amaral
August 18, 2022 8:19 am

Hi Joahim, I found a solution!

“`{r}
Sys.setlocale(“LC_TIME”, “C”)
“`

Now, I am just struggling to change the column of Weekdays from Chr to date!

Reply
- Joachim
  August 18, 2022 8:47 am
  
  Glad you found a solution!
  
  I don’t know whether it’s possible to convert a weekday character string to the Date class. Is this necessary in your case? What do you want to do with the weekdays column?
  
  Reply
Ana do Amaral
August 18, 2022 8:55 am

Hey Joachim, I really appreciate your kindness. I will reference you in my project!

I need to plot the dataset which contains this weekday column.

“`{r}
ggplot(weekday_steps_sleep) +
geom_col(aes(weekday, daily_steps), fill = “#006699”) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 7500) +
labs(title = “Daily steps per weekday”, x= “”, y = “”) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45,vjust = 0.5, hjust = 1))
“`

Since the weekday column is character string, my graph read the weekdays in alphabetic order and not by weekdays.

Reply
- Joachim
  August 18, 2022 9:42 am
  
  Thank you very much for the reference Ana, that’s very kind! 🙂
  
  You can reorder the bars of your barplot as explained here. There’s no need to convert your weekdays to the Date class.
  
  Regards,
  Joachim
  
  Reply
Ana do Amaral
August 18, 2022 10:03 am

It worked!!! Vielen vielen dank!!!

Reply
- Joachim
  August 18, 2022 11:40 am
  
  That is great to hear, you are very welcome!
  
  Regards,
  Joachim
  
  Reply

Convert Date to Day of Week in R (3 Examples) | How to Find the Weekday

Create Example Data

Example 1: Convert Date to Weekday in R (weekdays Function)

Example 2: Convert Date to Weekday in R (strftime Function)

Example 3: Convert Date to Weekday in R (as.POSIXlt Function)

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