Error: Unexpected ‘,’ or ‘=’ or ‘)’ in R (Examples) | How to Reproduce & Fix
This article shows how to deal with the errors “unexpected ‘,’ or ‘=’ or ‘)’ in X” in R.
The tutorial is structured as follows:
Let’s start right away.
Example 1: Reproduce the Errors – unexpected ‘,’ or ‘=’ or ‘)’ in X
In Example 1, I’ll illustrate how to fix the “unexpected” error when the symbols ‘,’ or ‘=’ or ‘)’ are applied wrong.
Let’s reproduce the errors in R. The following R code leads to the error message “unexpected ‘,’ in ‘,'”…
, # Reproducing the error # Error: unexpected ',' in ","
…the next R syntax leads to the error “unexpected ‘=’ in ‘='”…
= # Reproducing the error # Error: unexpected '=' in "="
…and this R code causes the error message “unexpected ‘)’ in ‘)'”:
) # Reproducing the error # Error: unexpected ')' in ")"
In all of these cases the error message occurred because we have not applied the corresponding symbols properly, i.e. we did not add any other R syntax to these symbols.
Example 2: Fix the Errors – unexpected ‘,’ or ‘=’ or ‘)’ in X
The following R programming syntax shows an example how to use the comma symbol properly…
c(1, 4, 7) # Proper application of , # 1 4 7
…the next R code uses the equal sign in an appropriate way…
x = 5 # Proper application of = x # 5
…and this code uses parentheses correctly:
mean(1:5) # Proper application of ) # 3
Video, Further Resources & Summary
Have a look at the following video of my YouTube channel. In the video, I’m explaining the R code of this article in a live programming session.
In addition, you might read some of the related articles of this website:
In summary: You learned in this article how to handle the error messages “unexpected ‘,’ or ‘=’ or ‘)’ in X” in R programming. Let me know in the comments, in case you have additional questions and/or comments.